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Understanding Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in the LGBTQ+ Community: A Social Ecological Approach

Writer's picture: Dawn HoliskiDawn Holiski

Updated: Dec 31

As a therapist specializing in the LGBTQ+ community, I often see how intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts many of my clients. IPV is not just a pervasive issue in society; it is one that directly affects the lives of countless individuals in the LGBTQ+ community. In fact, research shows that IPV touches nearly 1 in 4 women and 1 in 10 men during their lifetime (Smith et al., 2018), and this figure is likely even higher when unreported cases are taken into account.

For LGBTQ+ individuals, IPV carries additional layers of complexity, including societal stigma and the lack of tailored support systems. In my practice, I utilize the Social Ecological Model (SEM) to better understand the intersection of these factors and to offer meaningful support to clients navigating IPV.


What is Intimate Partner Violence?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), IPV encompasses behaviors such as physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, and psychological aggression by an intimate partner (CDC, 2022). Unfortunately, many cases go unreported, and LGBTQ+ individuals often face even greater barriers when seeking help due to discrimination, fear of being outed, or the lack of LGBTQ+ affirming services.

As a therapist, I find that it is crucial to offer a safe and supportive environment for my clients to openly discuss their experiences with IPV, without fear of judgment or further marginalization. I also work closely with my clients to understand how their unique identities and relationships may intersect with cycles of abuse.


Understanding IPV Through the Social Ecological Model (SEM)

The Social Ecological Model provides a framework for understanding IPV by examining the various levels that impact an individual’s experience of violence: individual, interpersonal, community, and societal. Each of these levels plays a role in either perpetuating or challenging IPV within the LGBTQ+ community.


1. Individual Level

At the individual level, survivors of IPV in the LGBTQ+ community face unique challenges. For some, the threat of being outed by their abuser can be a powerful tool of control, especially for those who have not yet disclosed their sexual or gender identity to family or friends. In other cases, individuals may not even recognize the abuse as IPV because of societal expectations that frame IPV through a heterosexual lens. It's important that I work with clients to help them understand that IPV is not bound by traditional gender or sexual orientation norms and that their experiences are valid.


2. Interpersonal/Relationship Level

The interpersonal level focuses on the dynamics of relationships. Many of my LGBTQ+ clients have grown up in environments where conflict and unhealthy behaviors were normalized. These learned patterns can be difficult to break, particularly when reinforced by abusers who exploit vulnerabilities related to gender identity or sexual orientation.

In my sessions, I often address these relational dynamics, helping clients develop healthier boundaries and recognize abusive patterns. By creating a space where clients can safely explore their past and present relationships, we can begin the process of healing and breaking the cycle of abuse.


3. Community Level

The community level examines the larger network of support—or lack thereof—available to LGBTQ+ individuals. Many LGBTQ+ people face significant barriers when trying to access community services, including shelters or legal assistance. Unfortunately, many shelters do not accept male survivors or mix LGBTQ+ individuals with heterosexual survivors, leaving LGBTQ+ people without a safe place to turn (Los Angeles LGBT Center, 2018).

I work with my clients to help them identify safe, affirming resources within their community. Part of my role is to be an advocate for them and to ensure they have access to LGBTQ+ friendly services. I also strive to raise awareness about the unique needs of LGBTQ+ IPV survivors and to push for more inclusive policies in local organizations.


4. Societal Level

At the societal level, we encounter widespread acceptance of violence, patriarchy, and structural inequalities that make it difficult for LGBTQ+ survivors of IPV to seek justice or support. Public narratives that disregard or stigmatize survivors’ experiences further silence those affected by IPV and embolden perpetrators who feel that they will face no consequences for their actions (Pallatino et al., 2019).

One of the goals of therapy is to empower survivors by helping them understand that societal attitudes toward IPV do not define them. I help my clients build resilience, connect with affirming communities, and take steps toward healing, even in the face of societal adversity.


The Unique Challenges Faced by LGBTQ+ IPV Survivors

The intersection of IPV and LGBTQ+ identities presents a range of unique challenges that survivors often face alone. In Los Angeles, the LGBT Center reports that 80% of the victims who seek help from their STOP Violence Program have experienced IPV, and around 15% have experienced hate crimes (Los Angeles LGBT Center, 2018).

Unfortunately, many mainstream resources are not equipped to handle the specific needs of LGBTQ+ survivors. Often, IPV assessment tools are designed with heteronormative assumptions, limiting their effectiveness for LGBTQ+ clients. In addition to this, a lack of cultural competence in mental health and social services can alienate LGBTQ+ survivors who may already feel isolated.

As a therapist, my goal is to be a safe, affirming resource for LGBTQ+ individuals who are experiencing or have experienced IPV. I provide trauma-informed care, tailored to the unique needs of LGBTQ+ survivors, and work alongside my clients to help them regain their sense of safety, autonomy, and empowerment.


Taking the First Step

If you or someone you know is experiencing intimate partner violence, it’s important to know that you don’t have to face it alone. Therapy can provide a vital space for understanding, healing, and building the tools needed to break free from cycles of abuse.

I’m here to support you every step of the way. Together, we can navigate the complexities of intimate partner violence and find the path toward safety and healing. Book a consultation today, and let’s start this journey together.


Here are two key resources in the Los Angeles and West Los Angeles area that offer support specifically for LGBTQ+ individuals experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV):


1. Los Angeles LGBT Center - STOP Violence Program

The Los Angeles LGBT Center provides comprehensive support for LGBTQ+ individuals experiencing intimate partner violence, domestic violence, and hate crimes through their STOP Violence Program. This program offers crisis counseling, legal advocacy, safety planning, and emergency housing. The center also has a court-approved batterer intervention program and services designed specifically for LGBTQ+ survivors.


The City of West Hollywood provides a comprehensive list of resources for those affected by domestic violence and intimate partner violence. The site includes information on crisis hotlines, shelters, counseling services, and legal support. It also features resources for LGBTQ+ individuals, highlighting the city's commitment to inclusivity and support for all community members. The page serves as a vital guide to accessing immediate help, understanding one's rights, and finding ongoing support and advocacy within West Hollywood.



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DAWN HOLISKI, M.A., AMFT
Registered Associate Marriage and Family TherapistAMFT #144072

Employed and supervised by Oliver Drakeford, LMFT, CGP - Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, #104987

Dawn Holiski - Therapist

📷by Andrew Thiels

Address

8702 Santa Monica Blvd., West Hollywood, CA 90069

Verified by Psychology Today

Contact

(213) 379-9208

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